T1~T2期乳腺癌保乳术后化疗后程同步大分割放疗前瞻性Ⅰ期临床研究

目的 前瞻性评估T1~T2期乳腺癌保乳术后化疗后程大分割放疗的不良反应和耐受性，以及在缩短治疗时间、减轻患者经济负担等方面的价值。方法 共入组20例T1~T2期乳腺癌保乳术后患者，所有患者于末次多西他赛化疗前开始大分割放疗。观察急性放射反应、治疗完成率及无病生存率、住院时间及住院费用等。结果 治疗完成率100%。主要不良反应为血液学毒性（白细胞减少）及皮肤反应，患者均可耐受。中位随访时间为30.1个月，随访率100%。美容效果良好率100%。平均总治疗时间为4周，总住院治疗费用节省约1万元。21个月无病生存率为100%。结论 T1~T2期乳腺癌保乳术后可耐受同步大分割放化疗，局部控制好，美容效果佳，且具有较高的卫生经济学价值。     

Neighborhood resources associated with frailty trajectories over time among community-dwelling older adults in China

Background and objectivesRecent research has identified neighborhoods as an important contributor to later-life frailty. However, little is known about how neighborhood resources are associated with frailty trajectories over time, especially in developing countries. This study examines the impact of neighborhood physical and social resources on the trajectories of frailty over time among older people in China.Research design and methodsUsing the four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2018), 5673 respondents aged 60 and above at baseline were included for analyses. Multilevel growth modeling was fitted to estimate the effects of neighborhood resources on frailty trajectories over a 7-year period, controlling for individual-level characteristics.ResultsOlder Chinese people who lived in neighborhoods with better basic infrastructures and a greater number of voluntary organizations were less frail at baseline. Accessible exercise facilities were associated with a lower initial level of frailty only among rural older adults, while higher community-level socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with a lower initial level of frailty only among urban older adults. Over the 7-year follow-up period, better basic infrastructures and accessible exercise facilities were associated with a slower increase rate of frailty scores among rural residents.Discussion and implicationsNeighborhood resources are important contributors to the level of frailty among older Chinese people. Our findings of significant urban-rural differences have important implications for designing and implementing infrastructure development and community building programs in rural and urban China.     

多元化教学模式在骨科临床教学中的应用分析

目的研究多元化教学模式在骨科临床教学中的开展效果及价值。方法选取2018年1月-2019年7月在我院骨科实习的94名医学生,采用随机数字表法进行分组,为47名参照组学生采用传统教学方法,为47名学生采用多元化教学模式,对比二组学生的考核成绩与学生满意度。结果实验组学生的理论知识评分、实际操作评分、总成绩均高于参照组,实验组学生对教学方法的满意度(97.87%)也明显高于参照组(85.11%),经统计P<0.05,组间比较差异具有统计学分析价值。结论在骨科临床教学中,开展多元化教学模式,对提升教学效果与学生满意度均有积极帮助。     

参黄洗液辅助吻合器痔环切手术治疗混合痔效果及其预后不良早期预警

目的:对参黄洗液辅助吻合器痔环切手术(PPH手术)在混合痔治疗中的效果及其预后不良早期预警的价值进行研究,为临床治疗和不良反应的防治提供数据参考。方法:选取2018年5-12月我院手术治疗的混合痔患者120例为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。观察组采用参黄洗液辅助PPH手术治疗,对照组PPH术后采用高锰酸钾溶液坐浴治疗。术后辅助治疗20d后就疗效、不良反应及随访3个月的远期疗效进行评价和组间比较,并对观察组预后不良病例的早期反应进行分析。结果:观察组总有效率为96.67%(58/60),高于对照组86.67%(52/60)的总有效率(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为21.67%(13/60),低于对照组31.67%(19/60)的不良反应发生率(P<0.05);观察组病例不良预后发生率为25.00%(15/60),低于对照组33.33%(20/60)的不良预后发生率(P<0.05)。结论:参黄洗液辅助PPH手术在混合痔治疗中具有疗效显著、安全性高、预后良好等优势,临床具有推广价值。     

BIM技术在医院建设与运维管理中的应用与设想

医院建筑功能复杂,改造工程工期紧张,如何能够借助BIM技术更好地实现医院、设计单位、施工单位协同工作、加快推进工程进度、提高管理效率成为亟待解决的问题。北京协和医院西单院区北楼改造工程在设计与实施过程中,以问题为导向,借助BIM技术进行设计、施工、运维管理,最终解决医院改造项目中的棘手难题。结合BIM技术优势与特点,提出该技术在医院运维管理中应用的设想。     

游离腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复前臂及足部软组织缺损

目的 探讨应用腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣(MSAP)修复前臂及足部软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 自2015年5月至2017年9月,应用MSAP修复前臂及足部软组织缺损创面13例,其中男9例,女4例,年龄19~57岁,平均41岁;其中前臂6例,足部7例,足部创面均位于前中足.皮瓣切取面积为3.0 cm×4.0 cm^7.0 cm×15.0 cm.修复足部创面时均选用同侧小腿,小腿供区创面均进行一期直接缝合.术后通过门诊复查及微信方式,对皮瓣外形、感觉及供区恢复情况进行定期随访.结果 13例皮瓣全部成活,无血管危象发生及坏死,3例术后存在感染,给予换药及抗炎治疗后创面逐渐愈合.术后随访11例(2例外省患者失访),随访时间4~18个月,平均12个月,未发现供区明显功能障碍,受区皮瓣外形良好;7例感觉恢复至S2~S3,TPD 6~9 mm.结论 游离MSAP不损伤主干血管,血管蒂长,穿支恒定,皮下脂肪相对较薄,游离移植修复前臂及足部创面效果良好.     

层流洁净新生儿重症监护病房早产儿实施床旁手术的可行性分析

 目的 探讨层流洁净新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)早产儿实施床旁手术的效果与可行性。方法 回顾性分析某军队三甲综合医院2017年9月—2020年10月NICU住院并进行床旁动脉导管扎闭术(PDA)及腹部探查术的危重新生儿的临床资料,在NICU行床旁手术者列为NICU组,转入手术室进行手术者列为手术室(OR)组,比较两组新生儿术后体温、切口感染率及病死率的差异。结果 共计纳入258例新生儿,其中NICU组166例,OR组92例。NICU组新生儿出生胎龄、出生体质量、手术时体质量、新生儿危重病例评分均低于OR组;NICU组新生儿术前应用呼吸机通气比例高于OR组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。NICU组与OR组新生儿术中抽检空气培养微生物菌落数、术前体温、PDA与剖腹探查术的构成比例、术后切口感染发病率及病死率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05),但手术后OR组新生儿平均体温低于NICU组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 层流洁净NICU早产儿行床旁PDA和腹部手术临床可行,且床旁手术更有利于减少术后低体温的发生。对层流洁净病房进行日常规范化维护,可以有效保障危重早产儿床旁手术的安全。     

Opening the black box of the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status and mental health: Neighborhood social-interactive characteristics as contextual mechanisms

Previous studies have linked low neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) to mental health problems. However, few studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying this association and most focused on the association with negative indicators of mental health, such as symptoms of depression or anxiety. This paper investigated whether neighborhood social characteristics (social interaction, trust, safety, organization participation, and attachment) mediate the association between NSES and mental health. We combined Danish register data with survey data from the North Denmark Region Health Survey 2017. Mental health was assessed with the Rand 12-item Short-form Survey (SF-12). The sample consisted of 14,969 individuals nested in 1047 neighborhoods created with an automated redistricting algorithm. We fitted multilevel structural equation mediation models and used a Monte Carlo simulation method to estimate confidence intervals for the indirect effects. NSES was positively associated with mental health. Neighborhood trust significantly mediated this relationship, accounting for 34% of the association after controlling for other mediators. These results indicate that higher levels of mental health in more affluent neighborhoods are partially explained by higher levels of trust. Improving neighborhood trust could mitigate sociogeographic inequalities in mental health.